PHP

The Prototype pattern is a creational design pattern that specifies the kinds of objects to create using an instance of a prototype and creates new objects by copying this prototype. This avoids expensive object creation when object complexity is high. It’s especially useful when the exact configuration of objects …

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The Factory Method is a creational pattern that defines an interface for creating an object, but lets subclasses decide which class to instantiate. It enables a class to defer instantiation to subclasses. This promotes loose coupling, as the client doesn’t need to know concrete classes, and facilitates extending …

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The Builder pattern is a creational design pattern that lets you construct complex objects step by step. The pattern allows for the separation of construction from representation, so the same construction process can create different representations. This is useful when an object has many optional attributes, or when …

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The Abstract Factory pattern provides an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes. It’s a “factory of factories,” allowing you to switch between different “themes” or configurations of objects easily.

This PHP example defines …

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The Peer-to-Peer (P2P) pattern enables direct communication and data exchange between independent components (“peers”) without relying on a central server or intermediary. Each peer acts as both a client and a server, discovering and interacting with other peers directly. This implementation uses simple …

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