Ruby

The Prototype pattern creates new objects by cloning an existing object, known as the prototype. This avoids the complexity of creating new objects from scratch, especially when object creation is expensive or requires complex initialization. The code defines a Product class with a clone method to create replicas. A …

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The Factory Method pattern is a creational design pattern that defines an interface for creating an object, but lets subclasses decide which class to instantiate. This promotes loose coupling between the object creator and the concrete objects created. The code demonstrates this with a Document class and concrete …

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The Builder pattern allows constructing complex objects step-by-step. It separates the construction process from the object’s representation, enabling different variations of the object to be created using the same construction interface. This is achieved by creating a separate Builder class that defines methods …

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The Abstract Factory pattern provides an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes. It’s useful when you need to create different “flavors” of objects that work together, and you want to decouple the client code from the specific …

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The Peer-to-Peer pattern establishes direct communication and data exchange between nodes (peers) in a network without relying on a central server. Each peer acts as both a client and a server, contributing resources and accessing resources from others. This example simulates a simple peer network using Ruby’s socket …

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